refactor: migrate all modules from anyhow to SunbeamError

Replace anyhow::{bail, Context, Result} with crate::error::{Result,
SunbeamError, ResultExt} across all modules. Each module uses the
appropriate error variant (Kube, Secrets, Build, Identity, etc).

src/checks.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Service-level health checks — functional probes beyond pod readiness.
 
-use anyhow::Result;
+use crate::error::Result;
 use base64::Engine;
 use hmac::{Hmac, Mac};
 use k8s_openapi::api::core::v1::Pod;
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ async fn http_get(
     client: &reqwest::Client,
     url: &str,
     headers: Option<&[(&str, &str)]>,
-) -> Result<(u16, Vec<u8>), String> {
+) -> std::result::Result<(u16, Vec<u8>), String> {
     let mut req = client.get(url);
     if let Some(hdrs) = headers {
         for (k, v) in hdrs {

src/cli.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use crate::error::{Result, SunbeamError};
 use clap::{Parser, Subcommand, ValueEnum};
 
 /// Sunbeam local dev stack manager.
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ pub enum UserAction {
     },
 }
 
-fn validate_date(s: &str) -> Result<String, String> {
+fn validate_date(s: &str) -> std::result::Result<String, String> {
     if s.is_empty() {
         return Ok(s.to_string());
     }
@@ -672,10 +672,10 @@ pub async fn dispatch() -> Result<()> {
         Env::Production => {
             let host = crate::config::get_production_host();
             if host.is_empty() {
-                bail!(
+                return Err(SunbeamError::config(
                     "Production host not configured. \
-                     Use `sunbeam config set --host` or set SUNBEAM_SSH_HOST."
+                     Use `sunbeam config set --host` or set SUNBEAM_SSH_HOST.",
-                );
+                ));
             }
             Some(host)
         }

src/cluster.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 //!
 //! Pure K8s implementation: no Lima VM operations.
 
-use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use crate::error::{Result, ResultExt, SunbeamError};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 const GITEA_ADMIN_USER: &str = "gitea_admin";
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@ async fn ensure_cert_manager() -> Result<()> {
     // Download and apply cert-manager YAML
     let body = reqwest::get(CERT_MANAGER_URL)
         .await
-        .context("Failed to download cert-manager manifest")?
+        .ctx("Failed to download cert-manager manifest")?
         .text()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to read cert-manager manifest body")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to read cert-manager manifest body")?;
 
     crate::kube::kube_apply(&body).await?;
 
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ async fn ensure_linkerd() -> Result<()> {
     crate::output::ok("Installing Gateway API CRDs...");
     let gateway_body = reqwest::get(GATEWAY_API_CRDS_URL)
         .await
-        .context("Failed to download Gateway API CRDs")?
+        .ctx("Failed to download Gateway API CRDs")?
         .text()
         .await?;
 
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ async fn ensure_linkerd() -> Result<()> {
         .args(["install", "--crds"])
         .output()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to run `linkerd install --crds`")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to run `linkerd install --crds`")?;
 
     if !crds_output.status.success() {
         let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&crds_output.stderr);
-        bail!("linkerd install --crds failed: {stderr}");
+        return Err(SunbeamError::tool("linkerd", format!("install --crds failed: {stderr}")));
     }
     let crds = String::from_utf8_lossy(&crds_output.stdout);
     crate::kube::kube_apply(&crds).await?;
@@ -101,11 +101,11 @@ async fn ensure_linkerd() -> Result<()> {
         .args(["install"])
         .output()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to run `linkerd install`")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to run `linkerd install`")?;
 
     if !cp_output.status.success() {
         let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&cp_output.stderr);
-        bail!("linkerd install failed: {stderr}");
+        return Err(SunbeamError::tool("linkerd", format!("install failed: {stderr}")));
     }
     let cp = String::from_utf8_lossy(&cp_output.stdout);
     crate::kube::kube_apply(&cp).await?;
@@ -141,24 +141,25 @@ async fn ensure_tls_cert(domain: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
     crate::output::ok(&format!("Generating wildcard cert for *.{domain}..."));
     std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir)
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create secrets dir: {}", dir.display()))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to create secrets dir: {}", dir.display()))?;
 
     let subject_alt_names = vec![format!("*.{domain}")];
     let mut params = rcgen::CertificateParams::new(subject_alt_names)
-        .context("Failed to create certificate params")?;
+        .map_err(|e| SunbeamError::kube(format!("Failed to create certificate params: {e}")))?;
     params
         .distinguished_name
         .push(rcgen::DnType::CommonName, format!("*.{domain}"));
 
-    let key_pair = rcgen::KeyPair::generate().context("Failed to generate key pair")?;
+    let key_pair = rcgen::KeyPair::generate()
+        .map_err(|e| SunbeamError::kube(format!("Failed to generate key pair: {e}")))?;
     let cert = params
         .self_signed(&key_pair)
-        .context("Failed to generate self-signed certificate")?;
+        .map_err(|e| SunbeamError::kube(format!("Failed to generate self-signed certificate: {e}")))?;
 
     std::fs::write(&cert_path, cert.pem())
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write {}", cert_path.display()))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to write {}", cert_path.display()))?;
     std::fs::write(&key_path, key_pair.serialize_pem())
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write {}", key_path.display()))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to write {}", key_path.display()))?;
 
     crate::output::ok(&format!("Cert generated. Domain: {domain}"));
     Ok(())
@@ -176,9 +177,9 @@ async fn ensure_tls_secret(domain: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
     let dir = secrets_dir();
     let cert_pem =
-        std::fs::read_to_string(dir.join("tls.crt")).context("Failed to read tls.crt")?;
+        std::fs::read_to_string(dir.join("tls.crt")).ctx("Failed to read tls.crt")?;
     let key_pem =
-        std::fs::read_to_string(dir.join("tls.key")).context("Failed to read tls.key")?;
+        std::fs::read_to_string(dir.join("tls.key")).ctx("Failed to read tls.key")?;
 
     // Create TLS secret via kube-rs
     let client = crate::kube::get_client().await?;
@@ -211,7 +212,7 @@ async fn ensure_tls_secret(domain: &str) -> Result<()> {
     let pp = kube::api::PatchParams::apply("sunbeam").force();
     api.patch("pingora-tls", &pp, &kube::api::Patch::Apply(secret_obj))
         .await
-        .context("Failed to create TLS secret")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to create TLS secret")?;
 
     crate::output::ok("Done.");
     Ok(())
@@ -289,7 +290,7 @@ async fn wait_rollout(ns: &str, deployment: &str, timeout_secs: u64) -> Result<(
 
     loop {
         if Instant::now() > deadline {
-            bail!("Timed out waiting for deployment {ns}/{deployment}");
+            return Err(SunbeamError::kube(format!("Timed out waiting for deployment {ns}/{deployment}")));
         }
 
         match api.get_opt(deployment).await? {

src/config.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use crate::error::{Result, ResultExt};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub fn load_config() -> SunbeamConfig {
 pub fn save_config(config: &SunbeamConfig) -> Result<()> {
     let path = config_path();
     if let Some(parent) = path.parent() {
-        std::fs::create_dir_all(parent).with_context(|| {
+        std::fs::create_dir_all(parent).with_ctx(|| {
             format!(
                 "Failed to create config directory: {}",
                 parent.display()
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ pub fn save_config(config: &SunbeamConfig) -> Result<()> {
     }
     let content = serde_json::to_string_pretty(config)?;
     std::fs::write(&path, content)
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to save config to {}", path.display()))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to save config to {}", path.display()))?;
     crate::output::ok(&format!("Configuration saved to {}", path.display()));
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ pub fn clear_config() -> Result<()> {
     let path = config_path();
     if path.exists() {
         std::fs::remove_file(&path)
-            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to remove {}", path.display()))?;
+            .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to remove {}", path.display()))?;
         crate::output::ok(&format!(
             "Configuration cleared from {}",
             path.display()

src/gitea.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Gitea bootstrap -- admin setup, org creation, OIDC auth source configuration.
 
-use anyhow::Result;
+use crate::error::Result;
 use k8s_openapi::api::core::v1::Pod;
 use kube::api::{Api, ListParams};
 use serde_json::Value;

src/images.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Image building, mirroring, and pushing to Gitea registry.
 
-use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use crate::error::{Result, ResultExt, SunbeamError};
 use base64::Engine;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::path::{Path, PathBuf};
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ async fn get_build_env() -> Result<BuildEnv> {
         "password",
     )
     .await
-    .context("gitea-admin-credentials secret not found -- run seed first.")?;
+    .ctx("gitea-admin-credentials secret not found -- run seed first.")?;
 
     let platform = if is_prod {
         "linux/amd64".to_string()
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ async fn buildctl_build_and_push(
 ) -> Result<()> {
     // Find a free local port for port-forward
     let listener = std::net::TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:0")
-        .context("Failed to bind ephemeral port")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to bind ephemeral port")?;
     let local_port = listener.local_addr()?.port();
     drop(listener);
 
@@ -144,10 +144,10 @@ async fn buildctl_build_and_push(
         }
     });
 
-    let tmpdir = tempfile::TempDir::new().context("Failed to create temp dir")?;
+    let tmpdir = tempfile::TempDir::new().ctx("Failed to create temp dir")?;
     let cfg_path = tmpdir.path().join("config.json");
     std::fs::write(&cfg_path, serde_json::to_string(&docker_cfg)?)
-        .context("Failed to write docker config")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to write docker config")?;
 
     // Start port-forward to buildkitd
     let ctx_arg = format!("--context={}", crate::kube::context());
@@ -165,14 +165,14 @@ async fn buildctl_build_and_push(
         .stdout(Stdio::null())
         .stderr(Stdio::null())
         .spawn()
-        .context("Failed to start buildkitd port-forward")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to start buildkitd port-forward")?;
 
     // Wait for port-forward to become ready
     let deadline = tokio::time::Instant::now() + std::time::Duration::from_secs(15);
     loop {
         if tokio::time::Instant::now() > deadline {
             pf.kill().await.ok();
-            bail!("buildkitd port-forward on :{local_port} did not become ready within 15s");
+            return Err(SunbeamError::tool("buildctl", format!("buildkitd port-forward on :{local_port} did not become ready within 15s")));
         }
         if tokio::net::TcpStream::connect(format!("127.0.0.1:{local_port}"))
             .await
@@ -247,8 +247,8 @@ async fn buildctl_build_and_push(
 
     match result {
         Ok(status) if status.success() => Ok(()),
-        Ok(status) => bail!("buildctl exited with status {status}"),
+        Ok(status) => return Err(SunbeamError::tool("buildctl", format!("exited with status {status}"))),
-        Err(e) => bail!("Failed to run buildctl: {e}"),
+        Err(e) => return Err(SunbeamError::tool("buildctl", format!("failed to run: {e}"))),
     }
 }
 
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ async fn get_node_addresses() -> Result<Vec<String>> {
     let node_list = api
         .list(&kube::api::ListParams::default())
         .await
-        .context("Failed to list nodes")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to list nodes")?;
 
     let mut addresses = Vec::new();
     for node in &node_list.items {
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ async fn ctr_pull_on_nodes(env: &BuildEnv, images: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
 
             match status {
                 Ok(s) if s.success() => ok(&format!("Pulled {img} on {node_ip}")),
-                _ => bail!("ctr pull failed on {node_ip} for {img}"),
+                _ => return Err(SunbeamError::tool("ctr", format!("pull failed on {node_ip} for {img}"))),
             }
         }
     }
@@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ async fn wait_deployment_ready(ns: &str, deployment: &str, timeout_secs: u64) ->
 
     loop {
         if Instant::now() > deadline {
-            bail!("Timed out waiting for deployment {ns}/{deployment}");
+            return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("Timed out waiting for deployment {ns}/{deployment}")));
         }
 
         if let Some(dep) = api.get_opt(deployment).await? {
@@ -477,10 +477,10 @@ async fn docker_hub_token(repo: &str) -> Result<String> {
     );
     let resp: DockerAuthToken = reqwest::get(&url)
         .await
-        .context("Failed to fetch Docker Hub token")?
+        .ctx("Failed to fetch Docker Hub token")?
         .json()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to parse Docker Hub token response")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to parse Docker Hub token response")?;
     Ok(resp.token)
 }
 
@@ -502,18 +502,18 @@ async fn fetch_manifest_index(
         .header("Accept", accept)
         .send()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to fetch manifest from Docker Hub")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to fetch manifest from Docker Hub")?;
 
     if !resp.status().is_success() {
-        bail!(
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!(
             "Docker Hub returned {} for {repo}:{tag}",
             resp.status()
-        );
+        )));
     }
 
     resp.json()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to parse manifest index JSON")
+        .ctx("Failed to parse manifest index JSON")
 }
 
 /// Build an OCI tar archive containing a patched index that maps both
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_mirror() -> Result<()> {
                 .stdout(Stdio::null())
                 .stderr(Stdio::piped())
                 .spawn()
-                .context("Failed to spawn ssh for ctr import")?;
+                .ctx("Failed to spawn ssh for ctr import")?;
 
             if let Some(mut stdin) = import_cmd.stdin.take() {
                 use tokio::io::AsyncWriteExt;
@@ -854,7 +854,7 @@ async fn build_proxy(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
     let env = get_build_env().await?;
     let proxy_dir = crate::config::get_repo_root().join("proxy");
     if !proxy_dir.is_dir() {
-        bail!("Proxy source not found at {}", proxy_dir.display());
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("Proxy source not found at {}", proxy_dir.display())));
     }
 
     let image = format!("{}/studio/proxy:latest", env.registry);
@@ -883,7 +883,7 @@ async fn build_tuwunel(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
     let env = get_build_env().await?;
     let tuwunel_dir = crate::config::get_repo_root().join("tuwunel");
     if !tuwunel_dir.is_dir() {
-        bail!("Tuwunel source not found at {}", tuwunel_dir.display());
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("Tuwunel source not found at {}", tuwunel_dir.display())));
     }
 
     let image = format!("{}/studio/tuwunel:latest", env.registry);
@@ -916,10 +916,10 @@ async fn build_integration(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
     let dockerignore = integration_service_dir.join(".dockerignore");
 
     if !dockerfile.exists() {
-        bail!(
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!(
             "integration-service Dockerfile not found at {}",
             dockerfile.display()
-        );
+        )));
     }
     if !sunbeam_dir
         .join("integration")
@@ -927,11 +927,11 @@ async fn build_integration(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
         .join("widgets")
         .is_dir()
     {
-        bail!(
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!(
             "integration repo not found at {} -- \
              run: cd sunbeam && git clone https://github.com/suitenumerique/integration.git",
             sunbeam_dir.join("integration").display()
-        );
+        )));
     }
 
     let image = format!("{}/studio/integration:latest", env.registry);
@@ -974,10 +974,10 @@ async fn build_kratos_admin(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
     let env = get_build_env().await?;
     let kratos_admin_dir = crate::config::get_repo_root().join("kratos-admin");
     if !kratos_admin_dir.is_dir() {
-        bail!(
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!(
             "kratos-admin source not found at {}",
             kratos_admin_dir.display()
-        );
+        )));
     }
 
     let image = format!("{}/studio/kratos-admin-ui:latest", env.registry);
@@ -1006,7 +1006,7 @@ async fn build_meet(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
     let env = get_build_env().await?;
     let meet_dir = crate::config::get_repo_root().join("meet");
     if !meet_dir.is_dir() {
-        bail!("meet source not found at {}", meet_dir.display());
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("meet source not found at {}", meet_dir.display())));
     }
 
     let backend_image = format!("{}/studio/meet-backend:latest", env.registry);
@@ -1031,10 +1031,10 @@ async fn build_meet(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
     step(&format!("Building meet-frontend -> {frontend_image} ..."));
     let frontend_dockerfile = meet_dir.join("src").join("frontend").join("Dockerfile");
     if !frontend_dockerfile.exists() {
-        bail!(
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!(
             "meet frontend Dockerfile not found at {}",
             frontend_dockerfile.display()
-        );
+        )));
     }
 
     let mut build_args = HashMap::new();
@@ -1070,14 +1070,14 @@ async fn build_people(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
     let env = get_build_env().await?;
     let people_dir = crate::config::get_repo_root().join("people");
     if !people_dir.is_dir() {
-        bail!("people source not found at {}", people_dir.display());
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("people source not found at {}", people_dir.display())));
     }
 
     let workspace_dir = people_dir.join("src").join("frontend");
     let app_dir = workspace_dir.join("apps").join("desk");
     let dockerfile = workspace_dir.join("Dockerfile");
     if !dockerfile.exists() {
-        bail!("Dockerfile not found at {}", dockerfile.display());
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("Dockerfile not found at {}", dockerfile.display())));
     }
 
     let image = format!("{}/studio/people-frontend:latest", env.registry);
@@ -1090,9 +1090,9 @@ async fn build_people(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
         .current_dir(&workspace_dir)
         .status()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to run yarn install")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to run yarn install")?;
     if !yarn_status.success() {
-        bail!("yarn install failed");
+        return Err(SunbeamError::tool("yarn", "install failed"));
     }
 
     // cunningham design tokens
@@ -1106,9 +1106,9 @@ async fn build_people(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
         .current_dir(&app_dir)
         .status()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to run cunningham")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to run cunningham")?;
     if !cunningham_status.success() {
-        bail!("cunningham failed");
+        return Err(SunbeamError::tool("cunningham", "design token generation failed"));
     }
 
     let mut build_args = HashMap::new();
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ async fn build_messages(what: &str, push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
     let env = get_build_env().await?;
     let messages_dir = crate::config::get_repo_root().join("messages");
     if !messages_dir.is_dir() {
-        bail!("messages source not found at {}", messages_dir.display());
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("messages source not found at {}", messages_dir.display())));
     }
 
     let components: Vec<_> = if what == "messages" {
@@ -1278,10 +1278,10 @@ async fn build_la_suite_frontend(
     let dockerfile = repo_dir.join(dockerfile_rel);
 
     if !repo_dir.is_dir() {
-        bail!("{app} source not found at {}", repo_dir.display());
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("{app} source not found at {}", repo_dir.display())));
     }
     if !dockerfile.exists() {
-        bail!("Dockerfile not found at {}", dockerfile.display());
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("Dockerfile not found at {}", dockerfile.display())));
     }
 
     let image = format!("{}/studio/{image_name}:latest", env.registry);
@@ -1293,9 +1293,9 @@ async fn build_la_suite_frontend(
         .current_dir(&workspace_dir)
         .status()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to run yarn install")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to run yarn install")?;
     if !yarn_status.success() {
-        bail!("yarn install failed");
+        return Err(SunbeamError::tool("yarn", "install failed"));
     }
 
     ok("Regenerating cunningham design tokens (yarn build-theme)...");
@@ -1304,9 +1304,9 @@ async fn build_la_suite_frontend(
         .current_dir(&app_dir)
         .status()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to run yarn build-theme")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to run yarn build-theme")?;
     if !theme_status.success() {
-        bail!("yarn build-theme failed");
+        return Err(SunbeamError::tool("yarn", "build-theme failed"));
     }
 
     let mut build_args = HashMap::new();
@@ -1338,7 +1338,7 @@ async fn patch_dockerfile_uv(
     platform: &str,
 ) -> Result<(PathBuf, Vec<PathBuf>)> {
     let content = std::fs::read_to_string(dockerfile_path)
-        .context("Failed to read Dockerfile for uv patching")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to read Dockerfile for uv patching")?;
 
     // Match COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv@sha256:... /uv /uvx /bin/
     let original_copy = content
@@ -1408,7 +1408,7 @@ async fn patch_dockerfile_uv(
     // Download tarball
     let response = reqwest::get(&url)
         .await
-        .context("Failed to download uv release")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to download uv release")?;
     let tarball_bytes = response.bytes().await?;
 
     // Extract uv and uvx from tarball
@@ -1456,7 +1456,7 @@ async fn build_projects(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
     let env = get_build_env().await?;
     let projects_dir = crate::config::get_repo_root().join("projects");
     if !projects_dir.is_dir() {
-        bail!("projects source not found at {}", projects_dir.display());
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("projects source not found at {}", projects_dir.display())));
     }
 
     let image = format!("{}/studio/projects:latest", env.registry);
@@ -1485,7 +1485,7 @@ async fn build_calendars(push: bool, deploy: bool) -> Result<()> {
     let env = get_build_env().await?;
     let cal_dir = crate::config::get_repo_root().join("calendars");
     if !cal_dir.is_dir() {
-        bail!("calendars source not found at {}", cal_dir.display());
+        return Err(SunbeamError::build(format!("calendars source not found at {}", cal_dir.display())));
     }
 
     let backend_dir = cal_dir.join("src").join("backend");

src/kube.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use crate::error::{Result, SunbeamError, ResultExt};
 use base64::Engine;
 use k8s_openapi::api::apps::v1::Deployment;
 use k8s_openapi::api::core::v1::{Namespace, Secret};
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ pub async fn ensure_tunnel() -> Result<()> {
         .stdout(Stdio::null())
         .stderr(Stdio::null())
         .spawn()
-        .context("Failed to spawn SSH tunnel")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to spawn SSH tunnel")?;
 
     // Wait for tunnel to become available
     for _ in 0..20 {
@@ -98,15 +98,15 @@ pub async fn get_client() -> Result<&'static Client> {
         .get_or_try_init(|| async {
             ensure_tunnel().await?;
 
-            let kubeconfig = Kubeconfig::read().context("Failed to read kubeconfig")?;
+            let kubeconfig = Kubeconfig::read().map_err(|e| SunbeamError::kube(format!("Failed to read kubeconfig: {e}")))?;
             let options = KubeConfigOptions {
                 context: Some(context().to_string()),
                 ..Default::default()
             };
             let config = Config::from_custom_kubeconfig(kubeconfig, &options)
                 .await
-                .context("Failed to build kube config from kubeconfig")?;
+                .map_err(|e| SunbeamError::kube(format!("Failed to build kube config from kubeconfig: {e}")))?;
-            Client::try_from(config).context("Failed to create kube client")
+            Client::try_from(config).ctx("Failed to create kube client")
         })
         .await
 }
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ pub async fn kube_apply(manifest: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
         // Parse the YAML to a DynamicObject so we can route it
         let obj: serde_yaml::Value =
-            serde_yaml::from_str(doc).context("Failed to parse YAML document")?;
+            serde_yaml::from_str(doc).ctx("Failed to parse YAML document")?;
 
         let api_version = obj
             .get("apiVersion")
@@ -164,15 +164,15 @@ pub async fn kube_apply(manifest: &str) -> Result<()> {
         let patch: serde_json::Value = serde_json::from_str(
             &serde_json::to_string(
                 &serde_yaml::from_str::<serde_json::Value>(doc)
-                    .context("Failed to parse YAML to JSON")?,
+                    .ctx("Failed to parse YAML to JSON")?,
             )
-            .context("Failed to serialize to JSON")?,
+            .ctx("Failed to serialize to JSON")?,
         )
-        .context("Failed to parse JSON")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to parse JSON")?;
 
         api.patch(name, &ssapply, &Patch::Apply(patch))
             .await
-            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to apply {kind}/{name}"))?;
+            .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to apply {kind}/{name}"))?;
     }
     Ok(())
 }
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ async fn resolve_api_resource(
     let disc = discovery::Discovery::new(client.clone())
         .run()
         .await
-        .context("API discovery failed")?;
+        .ctx("API discovery failed")?;
 
     for api_group in disc.groups() {
         if api_group.name() == group {
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ pub async fn kube_get_secret(ns: &str, name: &str) -> Result<Option<Secret>> {
     let api: Api<Secret> = Api::namespaced(client.clone(), ns);
     match api.get_opt(name).await {
         Ok(secret) => Ok(secret),
-        Err(e) => Err(e).context(format!("Failed to get secret {ns}/{name}")),
+        Err(e) => Err(e).with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to get secret {ns}/{name}")),
     }
 }
 
@@ -225,16 +225,16 @@ pub async fn kube_get_secret(ns: &str, name: &str) -> Result<Option<Secret>> {
 pub async fn kube_get_secret_field(ns: &str, name: &str, key: &str) -> Result<String> {
     let secret = kube_get_secret(ns, name)
         .await?
-        .with_context(|| format!("Secret {ns}/{name} not found"))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Secret {ns}/{name} not found"))?;
 
-    let data = secret.data.as_ref().context("Secret has no data")?;
+    let data = secret.data.as_ref().ctx("Secret has no data")?;
 
     let bytes = data
         .get(key)
-        .with_context(|| format!("Key {key:?} not found in secret {ns}/{name}"))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Key {key:?} not found in secret {ns}/{name}"))?;
 
     String::from_utf8(bytes.0.clone())
-        .with_context(|| format!("Key {key:?} in secret {ns}/{name} is not valid UTF-8"))
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Key {key:?} in secret {ns}/{name} is not valid UTF-8"))
 }
 
 /// Check if a namespace exists.
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ pub async fn ns_exists(ns: &str) -> Result<bool> {
     match api.get_opt(ns).await {
         Ok(Some(_)) => Ok(true),
         Ok(None) => Ok(false),
-        Err(e) => Err(e).context(format!("Failed to check namespace {ns}")),
+        Err(e) => Err(e).with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to check namespace {ns}")),
     }
 }
 
@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ pub async fn ensure_ns(ns: &str) -> Result<()> {
     let pp = PatchParams::apply("sunbeam").force();
     api.patch(ns, &pp, &Patch::Apply(ns_obj))
         .await
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create namespace {ns}"))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to create namespace {ns}"))?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -296,7 +296,7 @@ pub async fn create_secret(ns: &str, name: &str, data: HashMap<String, String>)
     let pp = PatchParams::apply("sunbeam").force();
     api.patch(name, &pp, &Patch::Apply(secret_obj))
         .await
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create/update secret {ns}/{name}"))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to create/update secret {ns}/{name}"))?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -323,12 +323,12 @@ pub async fn kube_exec(
     let mut attached = pods
         .exec(pod, cmd_strings, &ep)
         .await
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to exec in pod {ns}/{pod}"))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to exec in pod {ns}/{pod}"))?;
 
     let stdout = {
         let mut stdout_reader = attached
             .stdout()
-            .context("No stdout stream from exec")?;
+            .ctx("No stdout stream from exec")?;
         let mut buf = Vec::new();
         tokio::io::AsyncReadExt::read_to_end(&mut stdout_reader, &mut buf).await?;
         String::from_utf8_lossy(&buf).to_string()
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ pub async fn kube_exec(
 
     let status = attached
         .take_status()
-        .context("No status channel from exec")?;
+        .ctx("No status channel from exec")?;
 
     // Wait for the status
     let exit_code = if let Some(status) = status.await {
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ pub async fn kube_rollout_restart(ns: &str, deployment: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
     api.patch(deployment, &PatchParams::default(), &Patch::Strategic(patch))
         .await
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to restart deployment {ns}/{deployment}"))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to restart deployment {ns}/{deployment}"))?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -485,14 +485,14 @@ pub async fn kustomize_build(overlay: &Path, domain: &str, email: &str) -> Resul
         .env("PATH", &env_path)
         .output()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to run kustomize")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to run kustomize")?;
 
     if !output.status.success() {
         let stderr = String::from_utf8_lossy(&output.stderr);
         bail!("kustomize build failed: {stderr}");
     }
 
-    let mut text = String::from_utf8(output.stdout).context("kustomize output not UTF-8")?;
+    let mut text = String::from_utf8(output.stdout).ctx("kustomize output not UTF-8")?;
 
     // Domain substitution
     text = domain_replace(&text, domain);
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_k8s(kubectl_args: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
         .stderr(Stdio::inherit())
         .status()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to run kubectl")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to run kubectl")?;
 
     if !status.success() {
         std::process::exit(status.code().unwrap_or(1));
@@ -580,18 +580,18 @@ pub async fn cmd_bao(bao_args: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
     let pods: Api<k8s_openapi::api::core::v1::Pod> = Api::namespaced(client.clone(), "data");
 
     let lp = ListParams::default().labels("app.kubernetes.io/name=openbao");
-    let pod_list = pods.list(&lp).await.context("Failed to list OpenBao pods")?;
+    let pod_list = pods.list(&lp).await.ctx("Failed to list OpenBao pods")?;
     let ob_pod = pod_list
         .items
         .first()
         .and_then(|p| p.metadata.name.as_deref())
-        .context("OpenBao pod not found -- is the cluster running?")?
+        .ctx("OpenBao pod not found -- is the cluster running?")?
         .to_string();
 
     // Get root token
     let root_token = kube_get_secret_field("data", "openbao-keys", "root-token")
         .await
-        .context("root-token not found in openbao-keys secret")?;
+        .ctx("root-token not found in openbao-keys secret")?;
 
     // Build the command string for sh -c
     let bao_arg_str = bao_args.join(" ");
@@ -606,7 +606,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_bao(bao_args: &[String]) -> Result<()> {
         .stderr(Stdio::inherit())
         .status()
         .await
-        .context("Failed to run bao in OpenBao pod")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to run bao in OpenBao pod")?;
 
     if !status.success() {
         std::process::exit(status.code().unwrap_or(1));

src/openbao.rs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 //! Replaces all `kubectl exec openbao-0 -- sh -c "bao ..."` calls from the
 //! Python version with direct HTTP API calls via port-forward to openbao:8200.
 
-use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use crate::error::{Result, ResultExt};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
@@ -96,13 +96,13 @@ impl BaoClient {
             .get(format!("{}/v1/sys/seal-status", self.base_url))
             .send()
             .await
-            .context("Failed to connect to OpenBao")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to connect to OpenBao")?;
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let status = resp.status();
             let body = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
             bail!("OpenBao seal-status returned {status}: {body}");
         }
-        resp.json().await.context("Failed to parse seal status")
+        resp.json().await.ctx("Failed to parse seal status")
     }
 
     /// Initialize OpenBao with the given number of key shares and threshold.
@@ -122,14 +122,14 @@ impl BaoClient {
             })
             .send()
             .await
-            .context("Failed to initialize OpenBao")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to initialize OpenBao")?;
 
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let status = resp.status();
             let body = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
             bail!("OpenBao init returned {status}: {body}");
         }
-        resp.json().await.context("Failed to parse init response")
+        resp.json().await.ctx("Failed to parse init response")
     }
 
     /// Unseal OpenBao with one key share.
@@ -145,14 +145,14 @@ impl BaoClient {
             .json(&UnsealRequest { key })
             .send()
             .await
-            .context("Failed to unseal OpenBao")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to unseal OpenBao")?;
 
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let status = resp.status();
             let body = resp.text().await.unwrap_or_default();
             bail!("OpenBao unseal returned {status}: {body}");
         }
-        resp.json().await.context("Failed to parse unseal response")
+        resp.json().await.ctx("Failed to parse unseal response")
     }
 
     // ── Secrets engine management ───────────────────────────────────────
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
             })
             .send()
             .await
-            .context("Failed to enable secrets engine")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to enable secrets engine")?;
 
         let status = resp.status();
         if status.is_success() || status.as_u16() == 400 {
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
             .request(reqwest::Method::GET, &format!("{mount}/data/{path}"))
             .send()
             .await
-            .context("Failed to read KV secret")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to read KV secret")?;
 
         if resp.status().as_u16() == 404 {
             return Ok(None);
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
             bail!("KV get {mount}/{path} returned {status}: {body}");
         }
 
-        let kv_resp: KvReadResponse = resp.json().await.context("Failed to parse KV response")?;
+        let kv_resp: KvReadResponse = resp.json().await.ctx("Failed to parse KV response")?;
         let data = kv_resp
             .data
             .and_then(|d| d.data)
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
             .json(&KvWriteRequest { data })
             .send()
             .await
-            .context("Failed to write KV secret")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to write KV secret")?;
 
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let status = resp.status();
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
             .json(&KvWriteRequest { data })
             .send()
             .await
-            .context("Failed to patch KV secret")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to patch KV secret")?;
 
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let status = resp.status();
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
             .request(reqwest::Method::DELETE, &format!("{mount}/data/{path}"))
             .send()
             .await
-            .context("Failed to delete KV secret")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to delete KV secret")?;
 
         // 404 is fine (already deleted)
         if !resp.status().is_success() && resp.status().as_u16() != 404 {
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
             })
             .send()
             .await
-            .context("Failed to enable auth method")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to enable auth method")?;
 
         let status = resp.status();
         if status.is_success() || status.as_u16() == 400 {
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
             .json(&PolicyRequest { policy: policy_hcl })
             .send()
             .await
-            .context("Failed to write policy")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to write policy")?;
 
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let status = resp.status();
@@ -370,7 +370,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
             .json(data)
             .send()
             .await
-            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write to {path}"))?;
+            .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to write to {path}"))?;
 
         if !resp.status().is_success() {
             let status = resp.status();
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
         if body.is_empty() {
             Ok(serde_json::Value::Null)
         } else {
-            serde_json::from_str(&body).context("Failed to parse write response")
+            serde_json::from_str(&body).ctx("Failed to parse write response")
         }
     }
 
@@ -392,7 +392,7 @@ impl BaoClient {
             .request(reqwest::Method::GET, path)
             .send()
             .await
-            .with_context(|| format!("Failed to read {path}"))?;
+            .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to read {path}"))?;
 
         if resp.status().as_u16() == 404 {
             return Ok(None);

src/services.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Service management — status, logs, restart.
 
-use anyhow::{bail, Result};
+use crate::error::{Result, SunbeamError};
 use k8s_openapi::api::core::v1::Pod;
 use kube::api::{Api, DynamicObject, ListParams, LogParams};
 use kube::ResourceExt;
@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_get(target: &str, output: &str) -> Result<()> {
     let pod = api
         .get_opt(name)
         .await?
-        .ok_or_else(|| anyhow::anyhow!("Pod {ns}/{name} not found."))?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::kube(format!("Pod {ns}/{name} not found.")))?;
 
     let text = match output {
         "json" => serde_json::to_string_pretty(&pod)?,

src/tools.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use anyhow::{Context, Result};
+use crate::error::{Result, ResultExt};
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 
 static KUSTOMIZE_BIN: &[u8] = include_bytes!(concat!(env!("OUT_DIR"), "/kustomize"));
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ fn cache_dir() -> PathBuf {
 fn extract_embedded(data: &[u8], name: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
     let dir = cache_dir();
     std::fs::create_dir_all(&dir)
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to create cache dir: {}", dir.display()))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to create cache dir: {}", dir.display()))?;
 
     let dest = dir.join(name);
 
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ fn extract_embedded(data: &[u8], name: &str) -> Result<PathBuf> {
     }
 
     std::fs::write(&dest, data)
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to write {}", dest.display()))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to write {}", dest.display()))?;
 
     #[cfg(unix)]
     {

src/update.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
+use crate::error::{Result, ResultExt};
 use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_update() -> Result<()> {
     let binary_artifact = artifacts
         .iter()
         .find(|a| a.name == wanted)
-        .with_context(|| format!("No artifact found for platform '{wanted}'"))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("No artifact found for platform '{wanted}'"))?;
 
     let checksums_artifact = artifacts
         .iter()
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_update() -> Result<()> {
         .send()
         .await?
         .error_for_status()
-        .context("Failed to download binary artifact")?
+        .ctx("Failed to download binary artifact")?
         .bytes()
         .await?;
 
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_update() -> Result<()> {
             .send()
             .await?
             .error_for_status()
-            .context("Failed to download checksums")?
+            .ctx("Failed to download checksums")?
             .text()
             .await?;
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_update() -> Result<()> {
 
     // 5. Atomic self-replace
     crate::output::step("Installing update...");
-    let current_exe = std::env::current_exe().context("Failed to determine current executable path")?;
+    let current_exe = std::env::current_exe().ctx("Failed to determine current executable path")?;
     atomic_replace(&current_exe, &binary_bytes)?;
 
     crate::output::ok(&format!(
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ async fn fetch_latest_commit(client: &reqwest::Client, forge_url: &str) -> Resul
         .send()
         .await?
         .error_for_status()
-        .context("Failed to query mainline branch")?
+        .ctx("Failed to query mainline branch")?
         .json()
         .await?;
     Ok(resp.commit.id)
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ async fn fetch_artifacts(client: &reqwest::Client, forge_url: &str) -> Result<Ve
         .send()
         .await?
         .error_for_status()
-        .context("Failed to query CI artifacts")?
+        .ctx("Failed to query CI artifacts")?
         .json()
         .await?;
     Ok(resp.artifacts)
@@ -329,23 +329,23 @@ fn verify_checksum(binary: &[u8], artifact_name: &str, checksums_text: &str) ->
 fn atomic_replace(target: &std::path::Path, new_bytes: &[u8]) -> Result<()> {
     let parent = target
         .parent()
-        .context("Cannot determine parent directory of current executable")?;
+        .ctx("Cannot determine parent directory of current executable")?;
 
     let tmp_path = parent.join(".sunbeam-update.tmp");
 
     // Write new binary
-    fs::write(&tmp_path, new_bytes).context("Failed to write temporary update file")?;
+    fs::write(&tmp_path, new_bytes).ctx("Failed to write temporary update file")?;
 
     // Set executable permissions (unix)
     #[cfg(unix)]
     {
         use std::os::unix::fs::PermissionsExt;
         fs::set_permissions(&tmp_path, fs::Permissions::from_mode(0o755))
-            .context("Failed to set executable permissions")?;
+            .ctx("Failed to set executable permissions")?;
     }
 
     // Atomic rename
-    fs::rename(&tmp_path, target).context("Failed to replace current executable")?;
+    fs::rename(&tmp_path, target).ctx("Failed to replace current executable")?;
 
     Ok(())
 }

src/users.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 //! User management -- Kratos identity operations via port-forwarded admin API.
 
-use anyhow::{bail, Context, Result};
 use serde_json::Value;
 use std::io::Write;
 
+use crate::error::{Result, ResultExt, SunbeamError};
 use crate::output::{ok, step, table, warn};
 
 const SMTP_LOCAL_PORT: u16 = 10025;
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ fn spawn_port_forward(
         .stdout(std::process::Stdio::piped())
         .stderr(std::process::Stdio::piped())
         .spawn()
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to spawn port-forward to {ns}/svc/{svc}"))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to spawn port-forward to {ns}/svc/{svc}"))?;
 
     // Give the port-forward time to bind
     std::thread::sleep(std::time::Duration::from_millis(1500));
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ fn api(
         req = req.json(b);
     }
 
-    let resp = req.send().with_context(|| format!("HTTP {method} {url} failed"))?;
+    let resp = req.send().with_ctx(|| format!("HTTP {method} {url} failed"))?;
     let status = resp.status().as_u16();
 
     if !resp.status().is_success() {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ fn api(
         return Ok(None);
     }
     let val: Value = serde_json::from_str(&text)
-        .with_context(|| format!("Failed to parse API response as JSON: {text}"))?;
+        .with_ctx(|| format!("Failed to parse API response as JSON: {text}"))?;
     Ok(Some(val))
 }
 
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ fn find_identity(base_url: &str, target: &str, required: bool) -> Result<Option<
     }
 
     if required {
-        bail!("Identity not found: {target}");
+        return Err(SunbeamError::identity(format!("Identity not found: {target}")));
     }
     Ok(None)
 }
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ fn identity_id(identity: &Value) -> Result<String> {
         .get("id")
         .and_then(|v| v.as_str())
         .map(|s| s.to_string())
-        .context("Identity missing 'id' field")
+        .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::identity("Identity missing 'id' field"))
 }
 
 // ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_user_get(target: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
     let pf = PortForward::kratos()?;
     let identity = find_identity(&pf.base_url, target, true)?
-        .context("Identity not found")?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::identity("Identity not found"))?;
     drop(pf);
 
     println!("{}", serde_json::to_string_pretty(&identity)?);
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_user_create(email: &str, name: &str, schema_id: &str) -> Result
 
     let pf = PortForward::kratos()?;
     let identity = kratos_api(&pf.base_url, "/identities", "POST", Some(&body), &[])?
-        .context("Failed to create identity")?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::identity("Failed to create identity"))?;
 
     let iid = identity_id(&identity)?;
     ok(&format!("Created identity: {iid}"));
@@ -401,7 +401,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_user_delete(target: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
     let pf = PortForward::kratos()?;
     let identity = find_identity(&pf.base_url, target, true)?
-        .context("Identity not found")?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::identity("Identity not found"))?;
     let iid = identity_id(&identity)?;
     kratos_api(
         &pf.base_url,
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_user_recover(target: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
     let pf = PortForward::kratos()?;
     let identity = find_identity(&pf.base_url, target, true)?
-        .context("Identity not found")?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::identity("Identity not found"))?;
     let iid = identity_id(&identity)?;
     let (link, code) = generate_recovery(&pf.base_url, &iid)?;
     drop(pf);
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_user_disable(target: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
     let pf = PortForward::kratos()?;
     let identity = find_identity(&pf.base_url, target, true)?
-        .context("Identity not found")?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::identity("Identity not found"))?;
     let iid = identity_id(&identity)?;
 
     let put_body = identity_put_body(&identity, Some("inactive"), None);
@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_user_enable(target: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
     let pf = PortForward::kratos()?;
     let identity = find_identity(&pf.base_url, target, true)?
-        .context("Identity not found")?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::identity("Identity not found"))?;
     let iid = identity_id(&identity)?;
 
     let put_body = identity_put_body(&identity, Some("active"), None);
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_user_set_password(target: &str, password: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
     let pf = PortForward::kratos()?;
     let identity = find_identity(&pf.base_url, target, true)?
-        .context("Identity not found")?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::identity("Identity not found"))?;
     let iid = identity_id(&identity)?;
 
     let extra = serde_json::json!({
@@ -577,15 +577,17 @@ Messages (Matrix):
 
     let from: Mailbox = format!("Sunbeam Studios <noreply@{domain}>")
         .parse()
-        .context("Invalid from address")?;
+        .map_err(|e| SunbeamError::Other(format!("Invalid from address: {e}")))?;
-    let to: Mailbox = email.parse().context("Invalid recipient address")?;
+    let to: Mailbox = email
+        .parse()
+        .map_err(|e| SunbeamError::Other(format!("Invalid recipient address: {e}")))?;
 
     let message = Message::builder()
         .from(from)
         .to(to)
         .subject("Welcome to Sunbeam Studios -- Set Your Password")
         .body(body_text)
-        .context("Failed to build email message")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to build email message")?;
 
     let _pf = PortForward::new("lasuite", "postfix", SMTP_LOCAL_PORT, 25)?;
 
@@ -595,7 +597,7 @@ Messages (Matrix):
 
     mailer
         .send(&message)
-        .context("Failed to send welcome email via SMTP")?;
+        .ctx("Failed to send welcome email via SMTP")?;
 
     ok(&format!("Welcome email sent to {email}"));
     Ok(())
@@ -669,7 +671,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_user_onboard(
             });
 
             let identity = kratos_api(&pf.base_url, "/identities", "POST", Some(&body), &[])?
-                .context("Failed to create identity")?;
+                .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::identity("Failed to create identity"))?;
 
             let iid = identity_id(&identity)?;
             ok(&format!("Created identity: {iid}"));
@@ -729,7 +731,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_user_offboard(target: &str) -> Result<()> {
 
     let pf = PortForward::kratos()?;
     let identity = find_identity(&pf.base_url, target, true)?
-        .context("Identity not found")?;
+        .ok_or_else(|| SunbeamError::identity("Identity not found"))?;
     let iid = identity_id(&identity)?;
 
     step("Disabling identity...");