Create a virtual default audio output

Managing your audio output manually is kind of cumbersome; Chrome creates a default audio output for us, but now that audio outputs are enabled on Firefox as well, I find it necessary for a good user experience that there always be a way to set it to "whatever the default is".

locales/en-GB/app.json

@@ -48,13 +48,11 @@
     "audio": "Audio",
     "avatar": "Avatar",
     "back": "Back",
-    "camera": "Camera",
     "display_name": "Display name",
     "encrypted": "Encrypted",
     "error": "Error",
     "home": "Home",
     "loading": "Loading…",
-    "microphone": "Microphone",
     "next": "Next",
     "options": "Options",
     "password": "Password",
@@ -149,6 +147,15 @@
     "developer_settings_label": "Developer Settings",
     "developer_settings_label_description": "Expose developer settings in the settings window.",
     "developer_tab_title": "Developer",
+    "devices": {
+      "camera": "Camera",
+      "camera_numbered": "Camera {{n}}",
+      "default": "Default",
+      "microphone": "Microphone",
+      "microphone_numbered": "Microphone {{n}}",
+      "speaker": "Speaker",
+      "speaker_numbered": "Speaker {{n}}"
+    },
     "duplicate_tiles_label": "Number of additional tile copies per participant",
     "feedback_tab_body": "If you are experiencing issues or simply would like to provide some feedback, please send us a short description below.",
     "feedback_tab_description_label": "Your feedback",
@@ -168,8 +175,7 @@
     "preferences_tab_body": "Here you can configure extra options for an improved experience",
     "preferences_tab_h4": "Preferences",
     "preferences_tab_show_hand_raised_timer_description": "Show a timer when a participant raises their hand",
-    "preferences_tab_show_hand_raised_timer_label": "Show hand raise duration",
+    "preferences_tab_show_hand_raised_timer_label": "Show hand raise duration"
-    "speaker_device_selection_label": "Speaker"
   },
   "star_rating_input_label_one": "{{count}} stars",
   "star_rating_input_label_other": "{{count}} stars",

src/livekit/MediaDevicesContext.tsx

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ import {
   useState,
 } from "react";
 import { createMediaDeviceObserver } from "@livekit/components-core";
-import { Observable } from "rxjs";
+import { startWith } from "rxjs";
+import { useObservableEagerState } from "observable-hooks";
 import { logger } from "matrix-js-sdk/src/logger";
 
 import {
@@ -27,9 +28,24 @@ import {
   Setting,
 } from "../settings/settings";
 
+export type DeviceLabel =
+  | { type: "name"; name: string }
+  | { type: "number"; number: number }
+  | { type: "default" };
+
 export interface MediaDevice {
-  available: MediaDeviceInfo[];
+  /**
+   * A map from available device IDs to labels.
+   */
+  available: Map<string, DeviceLabel>;
   selectedId: string | undefined;
+  /**
+   * The group ID of the selected device.
+   */
+  // This is exposed sort of ad-hoc because it's only needed for knowing when to
+  // restart the tracks of default input devices, and ideally this behavior
+  // would be encapsulated somehow…
+  selectedGroupId: string | undefined;
   select: (deviceId: string) => void;
 }
 
@@ -41,21 +57,6 @@ export interface MediaDevices {
   stopUsingDeviceNames: () => void;
 }
 
-// Cargo-culted from @livekit/components-react
-function useObservableState<T>(
-  observable: Observable<T> | undefined,
-  startWith: T,
-): T {
-  const [state, setState] = useState<T>(startWith);
-  useEffect(() => {
-    // observable state doesn't run in SSR
-    if (typeof window === "undefined" || !observable) return;
-    const subscription = observable.subscribe(setState);
-    return (): void => subscription.unsubscribe();
-  }, [observable]);
-  return state;
-}
-
 function useMediaDevice(
   kind: MediaDeviceKind,
   setting: Setting<string | undefined>,
@@ -79,43 +80,73 @@ function useMediaDevice(
         kind,
         () => logger.error("Error creating MediaDeviceObserver"),
         requestPermissions,
-      ),
+      ).pipe(startWith([])),
     [kind, requestPermissions],
   );
-  const available = useObservableState(deviceObserver, []);
+  const availableRaw = useObservableEagerState(deviceObserver);
-  const [preferredId, select] = useSetting(setting);
+  const available = useMemo(() => {
+    // Sometimes browsers (particularly Firefox) can return multiple device
+    // entries for the exact same device ID; using a map deduplicates them
+    let available = new Map<string, DeviceLabel>(
+      availableRaw.map((d, i) => [
+        d.deviceId,
+        d.label
+          ? { type: "name", name: d.label }
+          : { type: "number", number: i + 1 },
+      ]),
+    );
+    // Create a virtual default audio output for browsers that don't have one.
+    // Its device ID must be the empty string because that's what setSinkId
+    // recognizes.
+    if (
+      kind === "audiooutput" &&
+      available.size &&
+      !available.has("") &&
+      !available.has("default")
+    )
+      available = new Map([["", { type: "default" }], ...available]);
+    // Note: creating virtual default input devices would be another problem
+    // entirely, because requesting a media stream from deviceId "" won't
+    // automatically track the default device.
+    return available;
+  }, [kind, availableRaw]);
 
-  return useMemo(() => {
+  const [preferredId, select] = useSetting(setting);
-    let selectedId: string | undefined = undefined;
+  const selectedId = useMemo(() => {
-    if (available) {
+    if (available.size) {
       // If the preferred device is available, use it. Or if every available
       // device ID is falsy, the browser is probably just being paranoid about
       // fingerprinting and we should still try using the preferred device.
       // Worst case it is not available and the browser will gracefully fall
       // back to some other device for us when requesting the media stream.
       // Otherwise, select the first available device.
-      selectedId =
+      return (preferredId !== undefined && available.has(preferredId)) ||
-        available.some((d) => d.deviceId === preferredId) ||
+        (available.size === 1 && available.has(""))
-        available.every((d) => d.deviceId === "")
+        ? preferredId
-          ? preferredId
+        : available.keys().next().value;
-          : available.at(0)?.deviceId;
     }
+    return undefined;
+  }, [available, preferredId]);
+  const selectedGroupId = useMemo(
+    () => availableRaw.find((d) => d.deviceId === selectedId)?.groupId,
+    [availableRaw, selectedId],
+  );
 
-    return {
+  return useMemo(
-      available: available
+    () => ({
-        ? // Sometimes browsers (particularly Firefox) can return multiple
+      available,
-          // device entries for the exact same device ID; deduplicate them
-          [...new Map(available.map((d) => [d.deviceId, d])).values()]
-        : [],
       selectedId,
+      selectedGroupId,
       select,
-    };
+    }),
-  }, [available, preferredId, select]);
+    [available, selectedId, selectedGroupId, select],
+  );
 }
 
 const deviceStub: MediaDevice = {
-  available: [],
+  available: new Map(),
   selectedId: undefined,
+  selectedGroupId: undefined,
   select: () => {},
 };
 const devicesStub: MediaDevices = {

src/livekit/useLiveKit.ts

@@ -290,18 +290,14 @@ export function useLiveKit(
             room.localParticipant.audioTrackPublications.values(),
           ).find((d) => d.source === Track.Source.Microphone)?.track;
 
-          const defaultDevice = device.available.find(
-            (d) => d.deviceId === "default",
-          );
           if (
-            defaultDevice &&
             activeMicTrack &&
             // only restart if the stream is still running: LiveKit will detect
             // when a track stops & restart appropriately, so this is not our job.
             // Plus, we need to avoid restarting again if the track is already in
             // the process of being restarted.
             activeMicTrack.mediaStreamTrack.readyState !== "ended" &&
-            defaultDevice.groupId !==
+            device.selectedGroupId !==
               activeMicTrack.mediaStreamTrack.getSettings().groupId
           ) {
             // It's different, so restart the track, ie. cause Livekit to do another

src/room/MuteStates.ts

@@ -54,12 +54,12 @@ function useMuteState(
 ): MuteState {
   const [enabled, setEnabled] = useReactiveState<boolean | undefined>(
     (prev) =>
-      device.available.length > 0 ? (prev ?? enabledByDefault()) : undefined,
+      device.available.size > 0 ? (prev ?? enabledByDefault()) : undefined,
     [device],
   );
   return useMemo(
     () =>
-      device.available.length === 0
+      device.available.size === 0
         ? deviceUnavailable
         : {
             enabled: enabled ?? false,

src/settings/DeviceSelection.tsx

@@ -13,16 +13,23 @@ import {
   RadioControl,
   Separator,
 } from "@vector-im/compound-web";
+import { useTranslation } from "react-i18next";
 
 import { MediaDevice } from "../livekit/MediaDevicesContext";
 import styles from "./DeviceSelection.module.css";
 
 interface Props {
   devices: MediaDevice;
-  caption: string;
+  title: string;
+  numberedLabel: (number: number) => string;
 }
 
-export const DeviceSelection: FC<Props> = ({ devices, caption }) => {
+export const DeviceSelection: FC<Props> = ({
+  devices,
+  title,
+  numberedLabel,
+}) => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation();
   const groupId = useId();
   const onChange = useCallback(
     (e: ChangeEvent<HTMLInputElement>) => {
@@ -31,7 +38,7 @@ export const DeviceSelection: FC<Props> = ({ devices, caption }) => {
     [devices],
   );
 
-  if (devices.available.length == 0) return null;
+  if (devices.available.size == 0) return null;
 
   return (
     <div className={styles.selection}>
@@ -42,26 +49,28 @@ export const DeviceSelection: FC<Props> = ({ devices, caption }) => {
         as="h4"
         className={styles.title}
       >
-        {caption}
+        {title}
       </Heading>
       <Separator className={styles.separator} />
       <div className={styles.options}>
-        {devices.available.map(({ deviceId, label }, index) => (
+        {[...devices.available].map(([id, label]) => (
           <InlineField
-            key={deviceId}
+            key={id}
             name={groupId}
             control={
               <RadioControl
-                checked={deviceId === devices.selectedId}
+                checked={id === devices.selectedId}
                 onChange={onChange}
-                value={deviceId}
+                value={id}
               />
             }
           >
             <Label>
-              {!!label && label.trim().length > 0
+              {label.type === "name"
-                ? label
+                ? label.name
-                : `${caption} ${index + 1}`}
+                : label.type === "number"
+                  ? numberedLabel(label.number)
+                  : t("settings.devices.default")}
             </Label>
           </InlineField>
         ))}

src/settings/SettingsModal.tsx

@@ -93,11 +93,15 @@ export const SettingsModal: FC<Props> = ({
         <Form>
           <DeviceSelection
             devices={devices.audioInput}
-            caption={t("common.microphone")}
+            title={t("settings.devices.microphone")}
+            numberedLabel={(n) =>
+              t("settings.devices.microphone_numbered", { n })
+            }
           />
           <DeviceSelection
             devices={devices.audioOutput}
-            caption={t("settings.speaker_device_selection_label")}
+            title={t("settings.devices.speaker")}
+            numberedLabel={(n) => t("settings.devices.speaker_numbered", { n })}
           />
           <div className={styles.volumeSlider}>
             <label>{t("settings.audio_tab.effect_volume_label")}</label>
@@ -123,7 +127,8 @@ export const SettingsModal: FC<Props> = ({
       <Form>
         <DeviceSelection
           devices={devices.videoInput}
-          caption={t("common.camera")}
+          title={t("settings.devices.camera")}
+          numberedLabel={(n) => t("settings.devices.camera_numbered", { n })}
         />
       </Form>
     ),