# Life Arcs

Characters grow and change. A timid apprentice becomes a confident master baker. A new employee finds their place in the team. Life arcs model these transformations as state machines -- discrete phases with conditions that trigger transitions between them.

## What is a Life Arc?

A life arc defines:
- **States**: Distinct phases (e.g., "apprentice", "journeyman", "master")
- **Transitions**: Conditions that move between states (e.g., "when skill > 80, become master")
- **On-enter actions**: Changes that happen when entering a state (e.g., set confidence to 0.9)

## Your First Life Arc

```storybook
life_arc BakerCareer {
    state apprentice {
        on enter {
            Baker.skill_level: 0.2
            Baker.confidence: 0.3
        }

        on skill_level > 0.5 -> journeyman
    }

    state journeyman {
        on enter {
            Baker.confidence: 0.6
        }

        on skill_level > 0.8 -> master
    }

    state master {
        on enter {
            Baker.confidence: 0.95
            Baker.can_teach: true
        }
    }
}
```

Reading this as a story:
> The baker starts as an **apprentice** with low skill and confidence. When skill exceeds 0.5, they become a **journeyman** with improved confidence. When skill exceeds 0.8, they become a **master** who is confident and can teach others.

## States

Each state represents a distinct phase. States contain:

- **on enter block**: Field updates that happen when entering the state
- **Transitions**: Conditions that trigger moving to another state
- **Prose blocks**: Narrative descriptions

```storybook
state early_apprentice {
    on enter {
        Elena.skill_level: novice
        Elena.confidence: timid
    }

    on recipes_mastered > 5 -> growing_apprentice
    on quit_apprenticeship -> former_apprentice

    ---narrative
    Elena's hands shake as she measures flour. She checks the
    recipe three times before adding each ingredient. Martha
    patiently corrects her technique.
    ---
}
```

## Transitions

Transitions use expressions to decide when to change state:

```storybook
// Simple conditions
on health < 20 -> fleeing
on quest_complete -> celebrating

// Boolean fields
on is_hostile -> combat
on not ready -> waiting

// Equality checks
on status is active -> active_state
on name is "Martha" -> found_martha

// Complex conditions
on health < 50 and enemy_count > 3 -> retreat
on (tired and hungry) or exhausted -> resting
```

### Transition Priority

When multiple transitions could fire, the **first one in declaration order** wins:

```storybook
state combat {
    on health < 10 -> desperate    // Checked first
    on health < 50 -> defensive    // Checked second
    on surrounded -> retreat       // Checked third
}
```

If health is 5, only `desperate` triggers, even though `defensive` is also true.

## On-Enter Actions

The `on enter` block sets field values when entering a state. It runs exactly once per transition:

```storybook
state master_baker {
    on enter {
        Elena.skill_level: master
        Elena.confidence: commanding
        Elena.can_teach: true
    }
}
```

The syntax is `EntityName.field: value`. This updates the referenced character's field.

## Elena's Complete Journey

Here is a complete life arc tracking Elena's growth from apprentice to master:

```storybook
life_arc ElenaCareer {
    ---description
    Tracks Elena's professional and personal growth as she
    progresses from nervous apprentice to confident master baker.
    ---

    state early_apprentice {
        on enter {
            Elena.skill_level: novice
            Elena.confidence: timid
        }

        on recipes_mastered > 5 -> growing_apprentice

        ---narrative
        Elena's hands shake as she measures flour. She checks the
        recipe three times before adding each ingredient. Martha
        patiently corrects her technique.
        ---
    }

    state growing_apprentice {
        on enter {
            Elena.skill_level: beginner
            Elena.confidence: uncertain
        }

        on recipes_mastered > 15 -> journeyman

        ---narrative
        The shaking stops. Elena can make basic breads without
        looking at the recipe. She still doubts herself but
        Martha's encouragement is taking root.
        ---
    }

    state journeyman {
        on enter {
            Elena.skill_level: intermediate
            Elena.confidence: growing
            Elena.can_work_independently: true
        }

        on recipes_mastered > 50 -> master

        ---narrative
        Elena runs the morning shift alone while Martha handles
        special orders. Customers start asking for "Elena's rolls."
        ---
    }

    state master {
        on enter {
            Elena.skill_level: master
            Elena.confidence: commanding
            Elena.can_teach: true
        }

        ---narrative
        Master Baker Elena. She has earned it. The guild acknowledges
        her mastery, and Martha beams with pride. Elena begins
        mentoring her own apprentice.
        ---
    }
}
```

## Common Patterns

### Hub-and-Spoke

A central idle state with branches to specialized states:

```storybook
life_arc BakerBehavior {
    state idle {
        on customer_arrived -> serving
        on order_placed -> baking
        on delivery_arrived -> receiving
    }

    state serving { on customer_served -> idle }
    state baking { on batch_complete -> idle }
    state receiving { on delivery_processed -> idle }
}
```

### Linear Progression

States form a one-way sequence (quests, tutorials):

```storybook
life_arc Tutorial {
    state intro { on clicked_start -> movement }
    state movement { on moved_forward -> combat }
    state combat { on defeated_enemy -> inventory }
    state inventory { on opened_inventory -> complete }
    state complete {}
}
```

### Cyclic States

States form a loop (day/night, seasons, mood swings):

```storybook
life_arc DayNightCycle {
    state dawn { on hour >= 8 -> day }
    state day { on hour >= 18 -> dusk }
    state dusk { on hour >= 20 -> night }
    state night { on hour >= 6 -> dawn }
}
```

## Tips

**Order transitions by urgency**: Put the most critical conditions first, since the first true transition wins.

**Use descriptive state names**: `waiting_for_customer` is clearer than `state1`.

**Add narrative prose blocks**: They make life arcs readable as stories and serve as documentation.

**Avoid orphan states**: Every state should be reachable from some other state (the compiler will warn you about unreachable states).

## What You Have Learned

Congratulations! You have completed the tutorial. You now know how to:

- Create characters with species, templates, and enums
- Build behavior trees with selectors, sequences, and decorators
- Add conditions and action parameters
- Model relationships with perspectives
- Define time-based schedules
- Track character development with life arcs

## Where to Go Next

- **[Reference Guide](../reference/09-overview.md)**: Complete syntax specifications
- **[Design Patterns](../advanced/20-patterns.md)**: Common patterns and best practices
- **[Examples Gallery](../examples/24-baker-family-complete.md)**: Full working examples to learn from

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**Reference**: For complete life arc syntax, see the [Life Arcs Reference](../reference/13-life-arcs.md).