diff --git a/src/api/server/send.rs b/src/api/server/send.rs
index 8ba5a1d5..cf6849ce 100644
--- a/src/api/server/send.rs
+++ b/src/api/server/send.rs
@@ -142,6 +142,21 @@ async fn handle(
 	started: Instant,
 	pdus: impl Stream<Item = Pdu> + Send,
 	edus: impl Stream<Item = Edu> + Send,
+) -> Result<ResolvedMap> {
+	let results = handle_pdus(services, client, origin, started, pdus).await?;
+
+	handle_edus(services, client, origin, edus).await?;
+
+	Ok(results)
+}
+
+#[tracing::instrument(name = "pdus", level = "debug", skip_all)]
+async fn handle_pdus(
+	services: &Services,
+	client: &IpAddr,
+	origin: &ServerName,
+	started: Instant,
+	pdus: impl Stream<Item = Pdu> + Send,
 ) -> Result<ResolvedMap> {
 	// group pdus by room
 	let pdus = pdus
@@ -160,7 +175,7 @@ async fn handle(
 		.into_iter()
 		.try_stream()
 		.broad_and_then(async |(room_id, pdus): (_, Vec<_>)| {
-			handle_room(services, client, origin, &started, room_id, pdus.into_iter())
+			handle_pdus_room(services, client, origin, &started, room_id, pdus.into_iter())
 				.map_ok(ResolvedMap::into_iter)
 				.map_ok(IterStream::try_stream)
 				.await
@@ -169,17 +184,16 @@ async fn handle(
 		.try_collect()
 		.await?;
 
-	// evaluate edus after pdus, at least for now.
-	edus.enumerate()
-		.for_each_concurrent(automatic_width(), |(i, edu)| {
-			handle_edu(services, client, origin, i, edu)
-		})
-		.await;
-
 	Ok(results)
 }
 
-async fn handle_room(
+#[tracing::instrument(
+	name = "room",
+	level = "debug",
+	skip_all,
+	fields(%room_id)
+)]
+async fn handle_pdus_room(
 	services: &Services,
 	_client: &IpAddr,
 	origin: &ServerName,
@@ -205,10 +219,7 @@ async fn handle_room(
 				.await;
 
 			debug!(
-				%event_id,
-				%room_id,
-				ri,
-				ti,
+				%event_id, ri, ti,
 				pdu_elapsed = ?pdu_start_time.elapsed(),
 				txn_elapsed = ?txn_start_time.elapsed(),
 				"Finished PDU",
@@ -221,6 +232,28 @@ async fn handle_room(
 		.await
 }
 
+#[tracing::instrument(name = "edus", level = "debug", skip_all)]
+async fn handle_edus(
+	services: &Services,
+	client: &IpAddr,
+	origin: &ServerName,
+	edus: impl Stream<Item = Edu> + Send,
+) -> Result {
+	edus.enumerate()
+		.for_each_concurrent(automatic_width(), |(i, edu)| {
+			handle_edu(services, client, origin, i, edu)
+		})
+		.await;
+
+	Ok(())
+}
+
+#[tracing::instrument(
+	name = "edu",
+	level = "debug",
+	skip_all,
+	fields(%i),
+)]
 async fn handle_edu(
 	services: &Services,
 	client: &IpAddr,
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/pdu_metadata/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/pdu_metadata/mod.rs
index 1548fb88..af24e49e 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/pdu_metadata/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/pdu_metadata/mod.rs
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ where
 }
 
 #[implement(Service)]
-#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug", ret)]
 pub async fn is_event_referenced(&self, room_id: &RoomId, event_id: &EventId) -> bool {
 	let key = (room_id, event_id);
 	self.db.referencedevents.qry(&key).await.is_ok()
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ pub fn mark_event_soft_failed(&self, event_id: &EventId) {
 }
 
 #[implement(Service)]
-#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug", ret)]
 pub async fn is_event_soft_failed(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> bool {
 	self.db
 		.softfailedeventids