diff --git a/src/database/map.rs b/src/database/map.rs
index f9f2c502..5e496cb5 100644
--- a/src/database/map.rs
+++ b/src/database/map.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ mod clear;
 pub mod compact;
 mod contains;
 mod count;
+mod del;
 mod get;
 mod get_batch;
 mod insert;
@@ -10,6 +11,7 @@ mod keys_from;
 mod keys_prefix;
 mod open;
 mod options;
+mod put;
 mod qry;
 mod qry_batch;
 mod remove;
diff --git a/src/database/map/del.rs b/src/database/map/del.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..867d7481
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/database/map/del.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+use std::{convert::AsRef, fmt::Debug, io::Write};
+
+use serde::Serialize;
+use tuwunel_core::{arrayvec::ArrayVec, implement};
+
+use crate::{keyval::KeyBuf, ser};
+
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn del<K>(&self, key: K)
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+{
+	let mut buf = KeyBuf::new();
+	self.bdel(key, &mut buf);
+}
+
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn adel<const MAX: usize, K>(&self, key: K)
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+{
+	let mut buf = ArrayVec::<u8, MAX>::new();
+	self.bdel(key, &mut buf);
+}
+
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, buf), level = "trace")]
+pub fn bdel<K, B>(&self, key: K, buf: &mut B)
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+	B: Write + AsRef<[u8]>,
+{
+	let key = ser::serialize(buf, key).expect("failed to serialize deletion key");
+	self.remove(key);
+}
diff --git a/src/database/map/insert.rs b/src/database/map/insert.rs
index 0441c8f8..f3663b3e 100644
--- a/src/database/map/insert.rs
+++ b/src/database/map/insert.rs
@@ -3,188 +3,12 @@
 //! Overloads are provided for the user to choose the most efficient
 //! serialization or bypass for pre=serialized (raw) inputs.
 
-use std::{convert::AsRef, fmt::Debug, io::Write};
+use std::{convert::AsRef, fmt::Debug};
 
 use rocksdb::WriteBatchWithTransaction;
-use serde::Serialize;
-use tuwunel_core::{arrayvec::ArrayVec, implement};
+use tuwunel_core::implement;
 
-use crate::{
-	keyval::{KeyBuf, ValBuf},
-	ser,
-	util::or_else,
-};
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is serialized
-/// - Val is serialized
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[inline]
-pub fn put<K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-	V: Serialize,
-{
-	let mut key_buf = KeyBuf::new();
-	let mut val_buf = ValBuf::new();
-	self.bput(key, val, (&mut key_buf, &mut val_buf));
-}
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is serialized
-/// - Val is raw
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[inline]
-pub fn put_raw<K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-	V: AsRef<[u8]>,
-{
-	let mut key_buf = KeyBuf::new();
-	self.bput_raw(key, val, &mut key_buf);
-}
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is raw
-/// - Val is serialized
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[inline]
-pub fn raw_put<K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
-where
-	K: AsRef<[u8]>,
-	V: Serialize,
-{
-	let mut val_buf = ValBuf::new();
-	self.raw_bput(key, val, &mut val_buf);
-}
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is serialized
-/// - Val is serialized to stack-buffer
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[inline]
-pub fn put_aput<const VMAX: usize, K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-	V: Serialize,
-{
-	let mut key_buf = KeyBuf::new();
-	let mut val_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, VMAX>::new();
-	self.bput(key, val, (&mut key_buf, &mut val_buf));
-}
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is serialized to stack-buffer
-/// - Val is serialized
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[inline]
-pub fn aput_put<const KMAX: usize, K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-	V: Serialize,
-{
-	let mut key_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, KMAX>::new();
-	let mut val_buf = ValBuf::new();
-	self.bput(key, val, (&mut key_buf, &mut val_buf));
-}
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is serialized to stack-buffer
-/// - Val is serialized to stack-buffer
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[inline]
-pub fn aput<const KMAX: usize, const VMAX: usize, K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-	V: Serialize,
-{
-	let mut key_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, KMAX>::new();
-	let mut val_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, VMAX>::new();
-	self.bput(key, val, (&mut key_buf, &mut val_buf));
-}
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is serialized to stack-buffer
-/// - Val is raw
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[inline]
-pub fn aput_raw<const KMAX: usize, K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-	V: AsRef<[u8]>,
-{
-	let mut key_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, KMAX>::new();
-	self.bput_raw(key, val, &mut key_buf);
-}
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is raw
-/// - Val is serialized to stack-buffer
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[inline]
-pub fn raw_aput<const VMAX: usize, K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
-where
-	K: AsRef<[u8]>,
-	V: Serialize,
-{
-	let mut val_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, VMAX>::new();
-	self.raw_bput(key, val, &mut val_buf);
-}
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is serialized to supplied buffer
-/// - Val is serialized to supplied buffer
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-pub fn bput<K, V, Bk, Bv>(&self, key: K, val: V, mut buf: (Bk, Bv))
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-	V: Serialize,
-	Bk: Write + AsRef<[u8]>,
-	Bv: Write + AsRef<[u8]>,
-{
-	let val = ser::serialize(&mut buf.1, val).expect("failed to serialize insertion val");
-	self.bput_raw(key, val, &mut buf.0);
-}
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is serialized to supplied buffer
-/// - Val is raw
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, val, buf), level = "trace")]
-pub fn bput_raw<K, V, Bk>(&self, key: K, val: V, mut buf: Bk)
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-	V: AsRef<[u8]>,
-	Bk: Write + AsRef<[u8]>,
-{
-	let key = ser::serialize(&mut buf, key).expect("failed to serialize insertion key");
-	self.insert(&key, val);
-}
-
-/// Insert Key/Value
-///
-/// - Key is raw
-/// - Val is serialized to supplied buffer
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-pub fn raw_bput<K, V, Bv>(&self, key: K, val: V, mut buf: Bv)
-where
-	K: AsRef<[u8]>,
-	V: Serialize,
-	Bv: Write + AsRef<[u8]>,
-{
-	let val = ser::serialize(&mut buf, val).expect("failed to serialize insertion val");
-	self.insert(&key, val);
-}
+use crate::util::or_else;
 
 /// Insert Key/Value
 ///
diff --git a/src/database/map/put.rs b/src/database/map/put.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..db001685
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/database/map/put.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+//! Serialize and Insert a Key+Value into the database.
+//!
+//! Overloads are provided for the user to choose the most efficient
+//! serialization. When no serialization is required for both key and
+//! value simply use insert() (see insert.rs).
+
+use std::{convert::AsRef, fmt::Debug, io::Write};
+
+use serde::Serialize;
+use tuwunel_core::{arrayvec::ArrayVec, implement};
+
+use crate::{
+	keyval::{KeyBuf, ValBuf},
+	ser,
+};
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is serialized
+/// - Val is serialized
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn put<K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+	V: Serialize,
+{
+	let mut key_buf = KeyBuf::new();
+	let mut val_buf = ValBuf::new();
+	self.bput(key, val, (&mut key_buf, &mut val_buf));
+}
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is serialized
+/// - Val is raw
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn put_raw<K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+	V: AsRef<[u8]>,
+{
+	let mut key_buf = KeyBuf::new();
+	self.bput_raw(key, val, &mut key_buf);
+}
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is raw
+/// - Val is serialized
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn raw_put<K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
+where
+	K: AsRef<[u8]>,
+	V: Serialize,
+{
+	let mut val_buf = ValBuf::new();
+	self.raw_bput(key, val, &mut val_buf);
+}
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is serialized
+/// - Val is serialized to stack-buffer
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn put_aput<const VMAX: usize, K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+	V: Serialize,
+{
+	let mut key_buf = KeyBuf::new();
+	let mut val_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, VMAX>::new();
+	self.bput(key, val, (&mut key_buf, &mut val_buf));
+}
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is serialized to stack-buffer
+/// - Val is serialized
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn aput_put<const KMAX: usize, K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+	V: Serialize,
+{
+	let mut key_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, KMAX>::new();
+	let mut val_buf = ValBuf::new();
+	self.bput(key, val, (&mut key_buf, &mut val_buf));
+}
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is serialized to stack-buffer
+/// - Val is serialized to stack-buffer
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn aput<const KMAX: usize, const VMAX: usize, K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+	V: Serialize,
+{
+	let mut key_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, KMAX>::new();
+	let mut val_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, VMAX>::new();
+	self.bput(key, val, (&mut key_buf, &mut val_buf));
+}
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is serialized to stack-buffer
+/// - Val is raw
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn aput_raw<const KMAX: usize, K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+	V: AsRef<[u8]>,
+{
+	let mut key_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, KMAX>::new();
+	self.bput_raw(key, val, &mut key_buf);
+}
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is raw
+/// - Val is serialized to stack-buffer
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[inline]
+pub fn raw_aput<const VMAX: usize, K, V>(&self, key: K, val: V)
+where
+	K: AsRef<[u8]>,
+	V: Serialize,
+{
+	let mut val_buf = ArrayVec::<u8, VMAX>::new();
+	self.raw_bput(key, val, &mut val_buf);
+}
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is serialized to supplied buffer
+/// - Val is serialized to supplied buffer
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+pub fn bput<K, V, Bk, Bv>(&self, key: K, val: V, mut buf: (Bk, Bv))
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+	V: Serialize,
+	Bk: Write + AsRef<[u8]>,
+	Bv: Write + AsRef<[u8]>,
+{
+	let val = ser::serialize(&mut buf.1, val).expect("failed to serialize insertion val");
+	self.bput_raw(key, val, &mut buf.0);
+}
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is serialized to supplied buffer
+/// - Val is raw
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, val, buf), level = "trace")]
+pub fn bput_raw<K, V, Bk>(&self, key: K, val: V, mut buf: Bk)
+where
+	K: Serialize + Debug,
+	V: AsRef<[u8]>,
+	Bk: Write + AsRef<[u8]>,
+{
+	let key = ser::serialize(&mut buf, key).expect("failed to serialize insertion key");
+	self.insert(&key, val);
+}
+
+/// Insert Key/Value
+///
+/// - Key is raw
+/// - Val is serialized to supplied buffer
+#[implement(super::Map)]
+pub fn raw_bput<K, V, Bv>(&self, key: K, val: V, mut buf: Bv)
+where
+	K: AsRef<[u8]>,
+	V: Serialize,
+	Bv: Write + AsRef<[u8]>,
+{
+	let val = ser::serialize(&mut buf, val).expect("failed to serialize insertion val");
+	self.insert(&key, val);
+}
diff --git a/src/database/map/remove.rs b/src/database/map/remove.rs
index b3b49ace..1e67908a 100644
--- a/src/database/map/remove.rs
+++ b/src/database/map/remove.rs
@@ -1,40 +1,8 @@
-use std::{convert::AsRef, fmt::Debug, io::Write};
+use std::{convert::AsRef, fmt::Debug};
 
-use serde::Serialize;
-use tuwunel_core::{arrayvec::ArrayVec, implement};
+use tuwunel_core::implement;
 
-use crate::{keyval::KeyBuf, ser, util::or_else};
-
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[inline]
-pub fn del<K>(&self, key: K)
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-{
-	let mut buf = KeyBuf::new();
-	self.bdel(key, &mut buf);
-}
-
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[inline]
-pub fn adel<const MAX: usize, K>(&self, key: K)
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-{
-	let mut buf = ArrayVec::<u8, MAX>::new();
-	self.bdel(key, &mut buf);
-}
-
-#[implement(super::Map)]
-#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, buf), level = "trace")]
-pub fn bdel<K, B>(&self, key: K, buf: &mut B)
-where
-	K: Serialize + Debug,
-	B: Write + AsRef<[u8]>,
-{
-	let key = ser::serialize(buf, key).expect("failed to serialize deletion key");
-	self.remove(key);
-}
+use crate::util::or_else;
 
 #[implement(super::Map)]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(self, key), fields(%self), level = "trace")]