diff --git a/src/admin/debug/commands.rs b/src/admin/debug/commands.rs
index 6c9c3e05..20ac7a59 100644
--- a/src/admin/debug/commands.rs
+++ b/src/admin/debug/commands.rs
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ pub(super) async fn force_set_room_state_from_server(
 
 		self.services
 			.rooms
-			.outlier
+			.timeline
 			.add_pdu_outlier(&event_id, &value);
 
 		if let Some(state_key) = &pdu.state_key {
@@ -668,7 +668,7 @@ pub(super) async fn force_set_room_state_from_server(
 
 		self.services
 			.rooms
-			.outlier
+			.timeline
 			.add_pdu_outlier(&event_id, &value);
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/api/client/membership/join.rs b/src/api/client/membership/join.rs
index 7fb370e7..ab0ec75c 100644
--- a/src/api/client/membership/join.rs
+++ b/src/api/client/membership/join.rs
@@ -561,8 +561,9 @@ async fn join_room_by_id_helper_remote(
 
 			services
 				.rooms
-				.outlier
+				.timeline
 				.add_pdu_outlier(&event_id, &value);
+
 			if let Some(state_key) = &pdu.state_key {
 				let shortstatekey = services
 					.rooms
@@ -595,7 +596,7 @@ async fn join_room_by_id_helper_remote(
 		.ready_for_each(|(event_id, value)| {
 			services
 				.rooms
-				.outlier
+				.timeline
 				.add_pdu_outlier(&event_id, &value);
 		})
 		.await;
diff --git a/src/api/client/membership/knock.rs b/src/api/client/membership/knock.rs
index db57b411..c3c540b1 100644
--- a/src/api/client/membership/knock.rs
+++ b/src/api/client/membership/knock.rs
@@ -541,8 +541,9 @@ async fn knock_room_helper_remote(
 
 		services
 			.rooms
-			.outlier
+			.timeline
 			.add_pdu_outlier(&event_id, &event);
+
 		state_map.insert(shortstatekey, event_id.clone());
 	}
 
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/event_handler/fetch_prev.rs b/src/service/rooms/event_handler/fetch_prev.rs
index 25a78367..f57768bc 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/event_handler/fetch_prev.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/event_handler/fetch_prev.rs
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ where
 				if json_opt.is_none() {
 					json_opt = self
 						.services
-						.outlier
+						.timeline
 						.get_outlier_pdu_json(&prev_event_id)
 						.await
 						.ok();
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/event_handler/handle_outlier_pdu.rs b/src/service/rooms/event_handler/handle_outlier_pdu.rs
index 3ae93a66..58021d09 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/event_handler/handle_outlier_pdu.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/event_handler/handle_outlier_pdu.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ where
 
 	// 7. Persist the event as an outlier.
 	self.services
-		.outlier
+		.timeline
 		.add_pdu_outlier(pdu_event.event_id(), &incoming_pdu);
 
 	trace!("Added pdu as outlier.");
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/event_handler/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/event_handler/mod.rs
index bc91f17d..d37316bf 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/event_handler/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/event_handler/mod.rs
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ struct Services {
 	sending: Dep<sending::Service>,
 	auth_chain: Dep<rooms::auth_chain::Service>,
 	metadata: Dep<rooms::metadata::Service>,
-	outlier: Dep<rooms::outlier::Service>,
 	pdu_metadata: Dep<rooms::pdu_metadata::Service>,
 	server_keys: Dep<server_keys::Service>,
 	short: Dep<rooms::short::Service>,
@@ -66,7 +65,6 @@ impl crate::Service for Service {
 				sending: args.depend::<sending::Service>("sending"),
 				auth_chain: args.depend::<rooms::auth_chain::Service>("rooms::auth_chain"),
 				metadata: args.depend::<rooms::metadata::Service>("rooms::metadata"),
-				outlier: args.depend::<rooms::outlier::Service>("rooms::outlier"),
 				server_keys: args.depend::<server_keys::Service>("server_keys"),
 				pdu_metadata: args.depend::<rooms::pdu_metadata::Service>("rooms::pdu_metadata"),
 				short: args.depend::<rooms::short::Service>("rooms::short"),
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/mod.rs
index 44a83582..f069a58d 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/mod.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ pub mod directory;
 pub mod event_handler;
 pub mod lazy_loading;
 pub mod metadata;
-pub mod outlier;
 pub mod pdu_metadata;
 pub mod read_receipt;
 pub mod search;
@@ -28,7 +27,6 @@ pub struct Service {
 	pub event_handler: Arc<event_handler::Service>,
 	pub lazy_loading: Arc<lazy_loading::Service>,
 	pub metadata: Arc<metadata::Service>,
-	pub outlier: Arc<outlier::Service>,
 	pub pdu_metadata: Arc<pdu_metadata::Service>,
 	pub read_receipt: Arc<read_receipt::Service>,
 	pub search: Arc<search::Service>,
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/outlier/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/outlier/mod.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 29dcb782..00000000
--- a/src/service/rooms/outlier/mod.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-use std::sync::Arc;
-
-use ruma::{CanonicalJsonObject, EventId};
-use tuwunel_core::{Result, implement, matrix::PduEvent};
-use tuwunel_database::{Deserialized, Json, Map};
-
-pub struct Service {
-	db: Data,
-}
-
-struct Data {
-	eventid_outlierpdu: Arc<Map>,
-}
-
-impl crate::Service for Service {
-	fn build(args: crate::Args<'_>) -> Result<Arc<Self>> {
-		Ok(Arc::new(Self {
-			db: Data {
-				eventid_outlierpdu: args.db["eventid_outlierpdu"].clone(),
-			},
-		}))
-	}
-
-	fn name(&self) -> &str { crate::service::make_name(std::module_path!()) }
-}
-
-/// Returns the pdu from the outlier tree.
-#[implement(Service)]
-pub async fn get_outlier_pdu_json(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<CanonicalJsonObject> {
-	self.db
-		.eventid_outlierpdu
-		.get(event_id)
-		.await
-		.deserialized()
-}
-
-/// Returns the pdu from the outlier tree.
-#[implement(Service)]
-pub async fn get_pdu_outlier(&self, event_id: &EventId) -> Result<PduEvent> {
-	self.db
-		.eventid_outlierpdu
-		.get(event_id)
-		.await
-		.deserialized()
-}
-
-/// Append the PDU as an outlier.
-#[implement(Service)]
-#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, pdu), level = "debug")]
-pub fn add_pdu_outlier(&self, event_id: &EventId, pdu: &CanonicalJsonObject) {
-	self.db
-		.eventid_outlierpdu
-		.raw_put(event_id, Json(pdu));
-}
diff --git a/src/service/rooms/timeline/mod.rs b/src/service/rooms/timeline/mod.rs
index 20b7a21a..c5da5fa4 100644
--- a/src/service/rooms/timeline/mod.rs
+++ b/src/service/rooms/timeline/mod.rs
@@ -167,6 +167,14 @@ pub async fn replace_pdu(&self, pdu_id: &RawPduId, pdu_json: &CanonicalJsonObjec
 	Ok(())
 }
 
+#[implement(Service)]
+#[tracing::instrument(skip(self, pdu), level = "debug")]
+pub fn add_pdu_outlier(&self, event_id: &EventId, pdu: &CanonicalJsonObject) {
+	self.db
+		.eventid_outlierpdu
+		.raw_put(event_id, Json(pdu));
+}
+
 #[implement(Service)]
 #[tracing::instrument(skip(self), level = "debug")]
 pub async fn first_pdu_in_room(&self, room_id: &RoomId) -> Result<PduEvent> {
diff --git a/src/service/services.rs b/src/service/services.rs
index e225e347..d51cb963 100644
--- a/src/service/services.rs
+++ b/src/service/services.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,6 @@ impl Services {
 				event_handler: build!(rooms::event_handler::Service),
 				lazy_loading: build!(rooms::lazy_loading::Service),
 				metadata: build!(rooms::metadata::Service),
-				outlier: build!(rooms::outlier::Service),
 				pdu_metadata: build!(rooms::pdu_metadata::Service),
 				read_receipt: build!(rooms::read_receipt::Service),
 				search: build!(rooms::search::Service),