♻️(back) validate url used in cors_proxy endpoint

The url used by the cors_proxy was not validated, other value than a
http url can be used. We use the built in URLValidator to validate it is
a valid url.

src/backend/core/api/viewsets.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from django.contrib.postgres.search import TrigramSimilarity
 from django.core.cache import cache
 from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError
 from django.core.files.storage import default_storage
+from django.core.validators import URLValidator
 from django.db import connection, transaction
 from django.db import models as db
 from django.db.models.expressions import RawSQL
@@ -1441,6 +1442,15 @@ class DocumentViewSet(
 
         url = unquote(url)
 
+        url_validator = URLValidator(schemes=["http", "https"])
+        try:
+            url_validator(url)
+        except drf.exceptions.ValidationError as e:
+            return drf.response.Response(
+                {"detail": str(e)},
+                status=drf.status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST,
+            )
+
         try:
             response = requests.get(
                 url,

src/backend/core/tests/documents/test_api_documents_cors_proxy.py

@@ -149,3 +149,24 @@ def test_api_docs_cors_proxy_unsupported_media_type():
         f"/api/v1.0/documents/{document.id!s}/cors-proxy/?url={url_to_fetch}"
     )
     assert response.status_code == 415
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "url_to_fetch",
+    [
+        "ftp://external-url.com/assets/index.html",
+        "ftps://external-url.com/assets/index.html",
+        "invalid-url.com",
+        "ssh://external-url.com/assets/index.html",
+    ],
+)
+def test_api_docs_cors_proxy_invalid_url(url_to_fetch):
+    """Test the CORS proxy API for documents with an invalid URL."""
+    document = factories.DocumentFactory(link_reach="public")
+
+    client = APIClient()
+    response = client.get(
+        f"/api/v1.0/documents/{document.id!s}/cors-proxy/?url={url_to_fetch}"
+    )
+    assert response.status_code == 400
+    assert response.json() == ["Enter a valid URL."]